JURNAL GREEN HOUSE

IoT-based Smart Control System on Dryland Agriculture: Opportunities and Challenges in Timor Island

Erniati, Folkes E. Laumal, Edwin P. Hattu, Nina J. Lapinangga — Mon, 21 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Dryland farming in tropical climates, such as Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara, faces numerous challenges, including low and variable rainfall, limited water resources, and soil degradation. Intelligent control technology and the Internet of Things (IoT) offer innovative solutions to address these challenges through environmental monitoring and control in agricultural systems, aiming to improve efficiency and productivity. This study aims to examine the opportunities and challenges of developing relevant IoT-based intelligent control systems, as well as potential solutions for managing dryland farming with IoT applications. The research is conducted through a literature review of dryland farming conditions and the challenges of using IoT applications, environmental condition monitoring of dryland using IoT devices, and identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of using intelligent IoT-based applications. The research findings indicate that the dominance of dryland, combined with low water availability, requires optimal agricultural irrigation management while still maximizing plant growth and productivity. The application of intelligent technology for real-time monitoring and control is essential for managing the climate in dryland areas, representing an opportunity amid the challenges of managing horticultural dryland farming. These research results also serve as a reference for the development and implementation of IoT-based intelligent technology control in the dryland farming sector.

Study of Daily Behavior of Javan Langurchildreen (Playgroup) at The Javan Langur Rehabilitation Center

Iwan Kurniawan, Niniek Dyah Kusumawardani, Eugenius Taegusman — Mon, 21 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Research objectives for knowing the daily behavior patterns of jouvenile (playgroup) at the Javan Langur Rehabilitation Center. The research was carried out at the Javan Langur Rehabilitation Center,Coban Talun, Tulungrejo Village, Bumiaji District, Batu City, East Java in May - June 2024. The tools used are writing instruments, cameras, watches and data tables field. The research object is four jouvenile individuals (playgroup) consisting of three jouvenile langur aged 11 months and one jouvenile langur aged 11 months one year. The direct observation method is used in research for knowing the daily behavior patterns of jouvenile langur (playgroup). Procedure data collection using scan sampling technique. Daily behavior recording jouvenile langur using continuous recording techniques. Behavioral parameters Observed daily activities include moving (locomotion), resting, social, eating, drinking, urination, defecation, auto grooming. Total daily behavior of jouvenile Langurs is calculated using the activity percentage formula.The results of the research show the daily behavior of jouvenile langurs (playgroup) at the Javan Langur Rehabilitation Center is a resting behavior of 54.72%, eating behavior 41.98%, movement behavior 1.06%, social by 1.35%, drinking behavior by 0.43%, auto grooming behavior of 0.39%, urination behavior of 0.04%, defecation behavior of 0.03%.

Feasibility Analysis of Cow Milk Yoghurt Business: A Sustainable Model for Emerging Entrepreneurs in Indonesia

Nunuk Hariyani, Siti Farida, Gettik Andri Purwanti, Muh. Agus Ferdian — Mon, 21 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The cow's milk yoghurt industry in Indonesia shows great potential, but there are still many challenges related to product quality and business feasibility, especially for start-up entrepreneurs. Previous research has focused more on technical aspects, without considering business aspects that are relevant in the Indonesian context. This study definitively explores the influence of production factors on yoghurt quality and business viability. The study's primary objectives were clear: to assess the impact of starter type and incubation time on yoghurt quality and to analyze the business viability of cow's milk yoghurt production for novice entrepreneurs. The approach used was an experimental design with a quasi-experiment test. We collected data through experiments using two types of starter—Greek and Plain—with incubation times varying from 18 to 24 hours. Product quality was evaluated using pH and organoleptic tests, and business feasibility was analyzed using financial analysis. The study focused on two key factors: yoghurt quality and business feasibility. Greek starter with an incubation time of 24 hours produced more favorable yoghurt. The financial analysis unequivocally confirmed the yoghurt business's profitability, with a high ROI and a low break-even point. These findings are vital for the development of the yoghurt industry in Indonesia and provide clear direction for future research on production factors and consumer preferences.

Renewable Energy Potential from Cow Waste and Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in East Kutai

Benny Kurniawan, Amprin Amprin, Leni Marlena, Dhani Aryanto — Mon, 21 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to analyze the potential of biogas production from a mixture of cow dung and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) as an alternative energy solution in East Kutai. The research applied an experimental method with four substrate composition treatments: P1 (85% cow dung : 15% water hyacinth), P2 (75%:25%), P3 (60%:40%), and P4 (100% cow dung). Each treatment was fermented for 20 days using laboratory-scale biodigesters, with daily monitoring of gas pressure and internal temperature. The results showed that P4 generated the highest biogas pressure (2.9 kPa), while increasing the proportion of water hyacinth reduced production efficiency. Fermentation temperatures remained stable within the mesophilic range (35–38°C), indicating ideal conditions for methanogenic microbes. MANOVA analysis confirmed that substrate composition significantly affected both pressure and temperature (p < 0.05). This study demonstrates that co-digestion of livestock and aquatic biomass waste can be an effective strategy for renewable energy production and organic waste management. The findings are applicable for the development of local-scale biogas technology in biomass-rich areas.

Optimization of Leachate Treatment with a Combination of Biofilter and Phytoremediation Based on Aquatic Bamboo Plants to Reduce Cr Metal Levels

Mon, 21 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Leachate from landfill sites contains heavy metals such as chromium (Cr), which are toxic and carcinogenic, requiring effective management to prevent environmental contamination. This study aimed to optimize the reduction of Cr levels in leachate using a combination of biofilter and phytoremediation based on aquatic bamboo plants. The research was conducted at the Laboratory and Greenhouse of Institut Pertanian Malang using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two treatments (biofilter only and biofilter combined with phytoremediation) and five replications. The biofilter utilized natural media including gravel, silica sand, coconut shell charcoal, and compost, while phytoremediation employed aquatic bamboo (Equisetum hyemale). Results showed that Cr levels decreased from 3.89 mg/L to 2.20 mg/L with biofilter treatment alone, and further decreased to 1.08 mg/L when using the combined biofilter-phytoremediation treatment, with removal efficiencies of 43.4% and 72.8%, respectively. The most significant reduction occurred during the initial weeks, followed by a gradual decline towards the end of the observation period. The combination of biofilter and phytoremediation with aquatic bamboo proved effective and environmentally friendly in reducing Cr levels in leachate, indicating its potential for broader application in leachate management at landfill sites

Biochar effect from various organic wastes as a mixture of planting media on the vegetative growth of cacao seedlings (Theobroma Cacao L.)

Novi Yulanda Sari, Abdul Jalil — Mon, 21 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Cocoa is one of the leading plantation commodities in Indonesia where more than 95% of the plantation area is managed directly by farmers. The main obstacle faced by cocoa farmers is low productivity due to low fertility of the planting medium in the nursery phase which has an impact on the quality of the cocoa seedlings produced. To solve this problem, innovation is needed in the form of utilizing biochar as an alternative mixture of planting media. This study aims to determine the effect of various types of biochar on the vegetative growth of cocoa seedlings, as well as to identify the most effective type of biochar in supporting increased growth. The study was conducted using a non-factorial randomized block design (RAK) consisting of six treatments and four replications. The treatments given include: bagasse biochar, rice husk biochar, bamboo biochar, corn cob biochar, sawdust biochar, and cocoa skin biochar. Each type of biochar was given as much as 283 grams/polybag and mixed directly into the planting medium with a soil and biochar ratio of 4:1. The results showed that the corn cob biochar treatment had a significant effect on increasing stem diameter, leaf number, leaf length, and leaf width of cocoa seedlings. Thus, corncob biochar is proven to be the most effective type of biochar to support the vegetative growth of cocoa seedlings.

Integration of Geographic Information Systems in Water Quality Mapping to Support Community Sanitation Programs

Mon, 21 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The decline in river water quality due to domestic and industrial pollution presents a major challenge in urban environmental management. This study aims to map the spatial distribution of water quality in the Upper Metro Sub-watershed using a Geographic Information System (GIS) approach to support community-based sanitation planning. The methodology involved the measurement of physical, chemical, and biological parameters at five monitoring stations. Water quality was evaluated using the STORET method and EPT Index (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera), while spatial data were analyzed using IDW interpolation to generate pollution distribution maps. The results revealed a downstream degradation in water quality, indicated by increasing levels of BOD, COD, TSS, and phosphate, and decreasing DO. According to STORET classification, the upstream area was categorized as unpolluted, whereas the downstream stations were moderately polluted. The EPT index decreased from 12 taxa upstream to none downstream, reinforcing the chemical analysis. Spatial maps highlighted pollution hotspots in densely populated residential and small industrial zones. GIS integration proved effective in visualizing pollution zones and supporting decision-making in the Total Sanitation Program (STBM). This study offers technical and spatial recommendations to improve data-driven water quality management.